Insights
The questions that keep coming back at specification stage, answered by people who see them daily: what a standard governs and what it delegates, which architecture survives the life cycle, and which references actually prove it.

Architectures10 September 20262 min read
The MIL-STD-1553 bus, explained
MIL-STD-1553 is the US Department of Defense standard for the serial data bus of mission systems: a command/response protocol where nothing travels unless the bus controller asked for it.
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Standards and qualifications30 July 20263 min read
EN 50155: what it actually asks of on-board equipment
"EN 50155 compliant" is the most recurrent line in rail specifications and the most misread: the standard governs the equipment, but delegates EMC, fire and vibration to three others. Four documents, not one.
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Architectures30 July 20264 min read
VME, CompactPCI, VPX: which bus for a qualified system
Three generations, not three alternatives: choosing today almost always means choosing a life cycle, not a bandwidth. And in VPX, the connector without the profile decides nothing.
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Design30 July 20263 min read
Front IP65 is not IP65: reading the ingress protection rating
The IP code is a test result, not a score: two digits answering two separate questions, and a higher rating does not contain a lower one. And sealing also decides how you cool.
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Standards and qualifications30 July 20263 min read
The MIL-STDs that show up in a specification: 810, 461, 704, 1275
Four codes that specifications often put on the same line, answering four different questions. And the most quoted one, 810, is not even a certification.
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Where the subject continues
Insights cut across the catalogue. The two sections that run through it end to end are the architecture guides and the market pages: same discipline, different scope.

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